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The Basics
FCC definition: "General Mobile Radio Service . A mobile two-way voice communication service, with limited data applications, for facilitating activities of individual licensees and their family members, including, but not limited to, voluntary provision of assistance to the public during emergencies and natural disasters."
The General Mobile Radio Service channelizes frequencies in portions of the 462 MHz and 467 MHz UHF band. GMRS users can access 30 channels; 22 of these channels are shared with the Family Radio Service (FRS). GMRS users have access to additional frequencies which are exclusive to repeater input operation only. FRS radios are not authorized to use repeaters.
The key differences between GMRS and FRS relate to bandwidth and power output. FRS operates on a bandwidth of 12.5khz on all channels with a maximum power output of 2 watts. GMRS is authorized with the following bandwidths and power outputs.
GMRS bandwidth varies based on channel
Channels 1-7 = 25khz
Channels 8-14 = 12.5khz
Channels 15-22 = 25khz
GMRS power output varies based on channel
Channels 1-7 = 5 watts
Channels 8-14 = 0.5 watts
Channels 15-22 = 50 watts
Repeater inputs
15R - 22R (467mhz)
When using a FCC type accepted GMRS radio, a user does not need to be concerned about bandwidth or power output settings, as they are programmed by the manufacture to be in compliance. Radio manufactures may give the user the option to adjust transmitter power as long as it does not exceed the maximum authorized power.
GMRS Qualities
Three of the most appealing qualities of the General Mobile Radio Service are the range, power output, and use of repeaters.
Range: The UHF frequency band works on the line-of-site principle. Any obstructions between two radio transmitters such as hills, valleys, and buildings will block or deflect the radio signal and reduce range.
Handheld - generally 1-2 miles with limited obstructions
Mobile/Base - 5-25 miles is reasonable. Greater distance is possible.
Repeater - up to 50+ miles
The most important factor in determining range is antenna height.
Power output: The maximum power output authorized by the FCC for the General Mobile Radio Service is 50 watts, which can enable great range with the right antenna system and terrain.
Repeaters: A repeater can be thought of as a relay. It is a special radio that receives a radio signal on one frequency, and re-transmits it on another. GMRS repeaters provide greater range due to their antennas being high above obstructions, high-gain antennas, and higher power output.
Repeater benefits
Extended coverage
Improved signal quality
Enhanced reliability
Repeater Example
How Can GMRS Benefit You?
Support for routine and emergency communications: A backup communication system is crucial. There is no guarantee that cellular service, the internet, and the power grid will remain operational during times of crisis. Disruption of these vital communication services can place lives at risk.
GMRS allows a robust way to maintain contact with friends, family, and others in the community. GMRS can also be used for daily, routine communication.
Family licensing for a single fee: A licensing fee of $35 covers all immediate family members for a period of 10 years, regardless of age.
Extended range with repeaters: GMRS allows integration with repeaters that greatly extend the talk range and reliability of communications. Depending on a repeater’s location, antenna system, terrain, and power output, a repeater can allow communication for 50+ miles.
A gateway to other areas of radio communication: GMRS offers a way to network with people who are licensed in other areas of radio communication, such as Amateur Radio.
An investment for safety: Being able to communicate in real-time is crucial for organizing, responding, and mitigating hazardous situations.
GMRS Use Cases
1) A civil emergency disrupts power, cellular, and internet
During Hurricane Helene, a complete information and power blackout struck early in the storm. Without backup communication systems, communication becomes impossible. However, with GMRS, individuals can conduct safety check-ins with loved ones, coordinate safe meeting places with friends and family members, receive and share situational reports, locate local relief agencies set up to provide food, water, and supplies, and request assistance from neighbors and other community members.
2) Hiking
The Appalachian Trail, which runs right through our backyards, offers a great opportunity for us to get out on the trail. However, some parts of the A.T. experience no cellular service or only spotty service, depending on your carrier. In such situations, GMRS provides a valuable means of communication with other members of your party, especially when you’re split up. GMRS can be crucial when sending someone for help. It allows you to maintain communication with the group providing aid to the injured person, while the person walking to the main road to call for help can keep 911 and first responders updated on the injured person’s condition and help coordinate them to your location.
3) General use
Radio communication is not only about functionality but also about having fun! GMRS enables individuals in a group to maintain quick and effortless communication while they are out and about at an amusement park, roadtrip, campground, hunting in the mountains, or simply chatting with a friend across town.
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